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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Halobacterium salinarum</i></h1>
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<table cellpadding="2" class="float-right taxobox infobox" id="Vorlage_Taxobox" style="width:300px;margin-top:0.5em;" summary="Taxobox">
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<th><i>Halobacterium salinarum</i>
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<td class="taxo-bild" style="font-size:smaller;">
<p><i>Halobacterium salinarum</i> NRC-1, Stäbchenform
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<th><a href="Systematik_(Biologie)" title="Systematik (Biologie)">Systematik</a>
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<td><i><a href="Abteilung_(Biologie)" title="Abteilung (Biologie)">Abteilung</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Methanobacteriota" title="Methanobacteriota">Methanobacteriota</a> / <a href="Methanobacteriati" title="Methanobacteriati">Halobacteriota</a>
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<td><i><a href="Klasse_(Biologie)" title="Klasse (Biologie)">Klasse</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Halobacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Halobacteria">Halobacteria</a>
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<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Halobacteriales" class="mw-redirect" title="Halobacteriales">Halobacteriales</a>
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<td><i><a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Halobacteriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Halobacteriaceae">Halobacteriaceae</a>
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<td><i><a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Halobacterium" title="Halobacterium"><i>Halobacterium</i></a>
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<td><i><a href="Art_(Biologie)" title="Art (Biologie)">Art</a>:</i>
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<td><i>Halobacterium salinarum</i>
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<th><a href="Nomenklatur_(Biologie)" title="Nomenklatur (Biologie)">Wissenschaftlicher Name</a>
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<td class="taxo-name"><i>Halobacterium salinarum</i>
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<td class="Person">corrig. (Harrison & Kennedy 1922)
<p><a href="Benjamin_Elazari_Volcani" title="Benjamin Elazari Volcani">Elazari-Volcani</a> 1957
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<p><i><b>Halobacterium salinarum</b></i> ist ein <a href="Halophil" class="mw-redirect" title="Halophil">halophiles</a> stäbchen-förmiges <a href="Archaeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeon">Archaeon</a>, das zur Gattung <i><a href="Halobacterium" title="Halobacterium">Halobacterium</a></i> gehört.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es wächst nur bei Kochsalzkonzentrationen von 20 % bis 30 % was der <a href="S%C3%A4ttigungskonzentration" class="mw-redirect" title="Sättigungskonzentration">Sättigungskonzentration</a> entspricht. Zuerst wurde es auf gesalzenem <a href="Klippfisch" title="Klippfisch">Klippfisch</a> als Verunreinigung isoliert. Man findet es natürlicherweise in <a href="Salinen" class="mw-redirect" title="Salinen">Salinen</a>, die durch <a href="Carotinoide" title="Carotinoide">Carotinoide</a> in den Zellen von <i>H. salinarium</i> charakteristisch rot gefärbt sind. Zellen von <i>H. salinarium</i> können sogar in Salzkristallen überdauern. Sinkt die Natriumchloridkonzentration unter 1 <a href="Stoffmengenkonzentration#Molar" title="Stoffmengenkonzentration">ᴍ</a> (<a href="Mol" title="Mol">mol</a>/<a href="Liter" title="Liter">ℓ</a>), beginnen die auf hohe Salzkonzentrationen angepassten Proteine zu <a href="Denaturierung_(Biochemie)" title="Denaturierung (Biochemie)">denaturieren</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-biuz_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biuz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lebendige Zellen sind beweglich. <i>H. salinarium</i> erzeugt bei Lichteinfall durch <a href="Bacteriorhodopsin" title="Bacteriorhodopsin">Bacteriorhodopsin</a> <a href="Adenosintriphosphat" title="Adenosintriphosphat">ATP</a>, das unter anderem für die Fortbewegung verwendet wird.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ein Schiffsschrauben-förmiges <a href="Archaellum" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaellum">Archaellum</a> sorgt für den Antrieb.<sup id="cite_ref-biuz_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biuz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die rosafarbenen Archaeen von <i>H. salinarum</i> nutzen die gleichen Mechanismen zur Erhaltung der Zellgröße wie Bakterien und Eukaryonten. Es wird daher vermutet, dass die Zellteilungsstrategie in allen drei Domänen des Lebens gleich ist.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Rylee K. Hackley, Amy K. Schmid: <i>Global Transcriptional Programs in Archaea Share Features with the Eukaryotic Environmental Stress Response.</i> In: <i>Journal of Molecular Biology</i>, Band 431, Nr. 20, 20. September 2019, S. 4147-4166; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2019.07.029" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.07.029">doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.07.029</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7419163/">PMC 7419163</a> (freier Volltext), <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31437442?dopt=Abstract">PMID 31437442</a> (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>).</li>
<li>Helga Stan-Lotter, Sergiu Fendrihan: <i>Halophilic Archaea: Life with Desiccation, Radiation and Oligotrophy over Geological Times.</i> In: <i>MDPI</i>: <i>Life</i>, Band 5, Nr. 3, 28. Juli 2015, S. 1487–1496; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/life5031487" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.3390/life5031487">doi:10.3390/life5031487</a>, <a href="ResearchGate" class="mw-redirect" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281818000">281818000</a> (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>).</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. F. Mescher, J. L. Strominger: <cite style="font-style:italic">Structural (shape-maintaining) role of the cell surface glycoprotein of Halobacterium salinarium</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>73</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>8</span>, 1976, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220027-8424%22&key=cql">0027-8424</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2687–2691</span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1066681?dopt=Abstract">PMID 1066681</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Halobacterium+salinarum&rft.atitle=Structural+%28shape-maintaining%29+ro%26%23x200B%3Ble+of+the+cell+surface+glycoprotein+of+Halobacterium+salinarium&rft.au=M.+F.+Mescher%2C+J.+L.+Strominger&rft.date=1976&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft.issue=8&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.pages=2687-2691&rft.pmid=1066681&rft.volume=73" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-biuz-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-biuz_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-biuz_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Felicitas Pfeifer: <cite style="font-style:italic">Das rote Haloarchaeon <i>Halobacterium salinarum</i></cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Biologie in unserer Zeit</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>47</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>6</span>, 2017, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221521-415X%22&key=cql">1521-415X</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>378–384</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/biuz.201710633">10.1002/biuz.201710633</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Halobacterium+salinarum&rft.atitle=Das+rote+Haloarchaeon+Halobacterium+salinarum&rft.au=Felicitas+Pfeifer&rft.date=2017&rft.doi=10.1002%2Fbiuz.201710633&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=1521-415X&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Biologie+in+unserer+Zeit&rft.pages=378-384&rft.volume=47" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Streif S., Staudinger WF., Marwan W., Oesterhelt D.: <cite style="font-style:italic">Flagellar Rotation in the Archaeon <i>Halobacterium salinarum</i> depends on ATP</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Molecular Biology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>384</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1–8</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2008.08.057">10.1016/j.jmb.2008.08.057</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Halobacterium+salinarum&rft.atitle=Flagellar+Rotation+in+the+Archaeon+Halobacterium+salinarum+depends+on+ATP&rft.au=Streif+S.%2C+Staudinger+WF.%2C+Marwan+W.%2C+...&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.jmb.2008.08.057&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.pages=1-8&rft.volume=384" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scitechdaily.com/archaea-bacteria-and-eukarya-have-more-in-common-than-previously-thought/">Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya Have More in Common Than Previously Thought</a>, auf SciTechDaily vom 2. Januar 2018</span>
</li>
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